Inequality

Education , Inequality and Income Inequality

In this paper we propose to measure inequality of educational achievements by constructing a Gini index on educational attainments. We then use the proposed measure to analyse the relationship between inequality in incomes and educational achievements (in terms of both the average attainments and its concentration). Even if theoretical considerations suggest a non-linear relationship between th...

Corruption And Inequality

Human behavior under economic inequality shapes inequality.

In his 1926 short story, “The Rich Boy,” F. Scott Fitzgerald observes: “Let me tell you about the very rich. They are different from you and me. They possess and enjoy early, and it does something to them, makes them soft where we are hard, and cynical where we are trustful, in a way that, unless you were born rich, it is very difficult to understand. They think, deep in their hearts, that they...

An Operator Inequality Related to Jensen’s Inequality

For bounded non-negative operators A and B, Furuta showed 0 ≤ A ≤ B implies A r 2BA r 2 ≤ (A r 2BA r 2 ) s+r t+r (0 ≤ r, 0 ≤ s ≤ t). We will extend this as follows: 0 ≤ A ≤ B ! λ C (0 < λ < 1) implies A r 2 (λB + (1− λ)C)A r 2 ≤ {A r 2 (λB + (1 − λ)C)A r 2 } s+r t+r , where B ! λ C is a harmonic mean of B and C. The idea of the proof comes from Jensen’s inequality for an operator convex functio...

From income inequality to economic inequality

Focus must be shifted from income inequality to economic inequality because of the presence of causal influences on individual well-being and freedom that are economic in nature but cannot be expounded by simple statistics of incomes and commodity holdings. Attention must be given to heterogeneous magnitudes. Moreover, there is a need for the derivation of partial orderings based on explicit or...